5th Semester Botany | NoteSL

Gauhati University NEP FYUGP 5th sem Botany syllabus, Gauhati University FYUGP 5th sem Botany major question paper, Botany FYUGP 5th semester important questions Gauhati University, GU 5th sem Botany Major exam preparation notes, GU FYUGP Botany 5th sem practical syllabus and guide, Mendelian inheritance modification gene interactions FYUGP Botany, Linkage and crossing over gene mapping numerical problems, Chromosomal aberrations structural and numerical modifications, Central dogma DNA replication transcription prokaryotes, Gene expression lac operon model regulation prokaryotes.

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Course Code: BOT4500104MJ

Genetics

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Course Code: BOT4500204MJ

Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Climate Change

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Course Code: BOT4500304MJ / BOT4500304MN

Plant Systematics (Major/Minor)

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Genetics

Course Code: BOT4500104MJ

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Unit: 1 Mendelian genetics and its extension

Unit: 2 Extrachromosomal Inheritance

Unit: 3 Linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping

Unit: 4 Variation in chromosome number and structure

Unit: 5 Fine structure of gene and Gene mutation

Unit: 6 Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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Genetics Textbook

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Molecular Biology

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Unit: 1 Nucleic acids: Carriers of genetic information

Unit: 2 The Structures of DNA and RNA / Genetic Material

Unit: 3 The replication of DNA, Central dogma and genetic code

Unit: 4 Transcription

Unit: 5 Processing and modification of RNA

Unit: 6 Translation

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Molecular Biology Textbook

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Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Climate Change

Course Code: BOT4500204MJ

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Unit: 1 Ecology and Ecosystem

Unit: 2 Ecological Factors

Unit: 3 Population ecology

Unit: 4 Plant communities

Unit: 5 Functional Ecology

Unit: 6 Phytogeography and Climate Change

Previous Year Question Papers

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Plant Ecology, Phytogeography and Climate Change Textbook

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Plant Systematics

Course Code: BOT4500304MJ / BOT4500304MN

Click on the topics below to view the questions and answers for this paper:

Unit: 1 Significance of Plant systematics

Unit: 2 Botanical nomenclature

Unit: 3 Systems of classification

Unit: 4 Numerical taxonomy and cladistics

Unit: 5 Phylogeny of Angiosperms

Unit: 6 Angiospermic Families

Previous Year Question Papers

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Plant Systematics Textbook

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THEORY (Total Marks: 45)

Unit 1: Mendelian genetics and its extension

13 Marks

Mendelism: History; Principles of inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Autosomes and sex chromosomes; Probability and pedigree analysis; Incomplete dominance and codominance; Multiple alleles, Lethal alleles, Epistasis, Pleiotropy, Recessive and Dominant traits, Penetrance and Expressivity, Numericals; Polygenic inheritance.

Unit 2: Extrachromosomal Inheritance

4 Marks

Chloroplast mutation: Variegation in Four o'clock plant; Mitochondrial inheritance in yeast; Maternal effects - shell coiling in snail; Infective heredity - Kappa particles in Paramecium.

Unit 3: Linkage, crossing over and chromosome mapping

8 Marks

Linkage and crossing over - Cytological basis of crossing over; Recombination frequency, two factor and three factor crosses; Interference and coincidence; Numerical based on gene mapping; Sex Linkage.

Unit 4: Variation in chromosome number and structure

6 Marks

Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation, Position effect, Euploidy and Aneuploidy.

Unit 5: Fine structure of gene and Gene mutations

10 Marks

Classical vs molecular concepts of gene; Ciston, Racon, Muton, rII locus; Types of mutations; Molecular basis of Mutations; Mutagens – physical and chemical (Base analogs, deaminating, alkylating and intercalating agents); Detection of mutations: ClB method. Role of Transposons in mutation. DNA repair mechanisms.

Unit 6: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

4 Marks

Allele frequencies, Genotype frequencies, Hardy - Weinberg Law, role of natural selection, mutation, genetic drift. Genetic variation and Speciation.

PRACTICAL (Credit: 01) 25 Marks

Mendel's laws through seed ratios.
Chromosome mapping using point test cross data.
Incomplete dominance and gene interaction through seed ratios (9:7, 9:6:1, 13:3, 15:1, 12:3:1, 9:3:4).
Permanent Slides showing Translocation Ring, Photograph showing Laggards and Inversion Bridge.

THEORY (Total Marks: 45)

Unit 1: Ecology and Ecosystem

8 Marks

Ecology: Basic concepts, Levels of organization, Inter - relationships between the living world and the environment. Ecosystem: Structure, functions, and types, trophic organisation, food chains and food webs, ecological pyramids, homeostasis.

Unit 2: Ecological Factors

8 Marks

Climatic, Edaphic and Biotic Factors, Factorial interactions, Plant adaptation to environmental factors (light, temperature, wind, and fire); autotrophy, heterotrophy; symbiosis, commensalism, ammensalism, parasitism, parasitoidism. Aquatic ecology - concept.

Unit 3: Population ecology

7 Marks

Population characteristics, Growth curve, Lotka - Volterra model, population regulation, r and k - selection. Types of ecological speciation, Ecological equivalents.

Unit 4: Plant communities

7 Marks

Plant Community: Basic concept, types, characters (analytical and synthetic), Dynamics: succession – processes, types, models; climax concepts, Habitat and Niche: concept & types.

Unit 5: Functional Ecology

7 Marks

Principles and models of energy flow; Production and productivity; Ecological efficiencies; Ecological energetics; Biogeochemical cycles (C, N and P) and water cycle.

Unit 6: Phytogeography and Climate Change

8 Marks

Principles; Continental drift; Theory of tolerance; Endemism; Brief description of major terrestrial biomes (one each from tropical, temperate & tundra); Phytogeographical division of India; Vegetation types of NE India with special reference to Assam.

Climate change: Basic concepts; global warming, causes and consequences (Rise in Sea levels, Glacier melting, Biodiversity Loss), Adaptation, Mitigation, Global and National Efforts, Concept on Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

PRACTICAL (Credit: 01) 25 Marks

Determination of minimal quadrat size and number for the study of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus by species area curve method (species to be listed).
Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation for density and abundance in the college campus.
Quantitative analysis of herbaceous vegetation in the college campus for frequency and comparison with Raunkiaer's frequency distribution law.
Study of instruments used to measure microclimatic variables: Soil thermometer, maximum and minimum thermometer, anemometer, psychrometer/hygrometer, rain gauge and lux meter.
Analysis for carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, organic matter and base deficiency from two soil samples by rapid field tests.
Determination of dissolved oxygen of water samples from polluted and unpolluted sources.
- Study of morphological adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes (four each).
- Study of biotic interactions of the following: Stem parasite, Root parasite, Epiphytes, Predation (Insectivorous plants).
Local field visit to nearby areas to familiarise students with various plant communities.
Soil respiration study in two agricultural systems to determine the CO₂ evolution.

THEORY (Total Marks: 45)

Unit 1: Significance of Plant systematics

9 Marks

Introduction to systematics and its importance; Components of plant taxonomy; Taxonomic hierarchy; Taxonomic evidences from morphology, anatomy and cytology; Herbarium and Botanical garden.

Unit 2: Botanical nomenclature

5 Marks

History, Principles and Rules (ICN); Author citation, Effective and Valid publication, Principle of priority and its limitations.

Unit 3: Systems of classification

9 Marks

Historical development of plant classification; Classification systems: Artificial (Linnaeus), Natural (Bentham and Hooker) and Phylogenetic (Engler and Prantl); Brief account of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification.

Unit 4: Numerical taxonomy and cladistics

4 Marks

OTUs, characters, character weighting and coding, cluster analysis, phenograms; cladistics: basic concept.

Unit 5: Phylogeny of Angiosperms

6 Marks

Origin and evolution of angiosperms; primitive and advanced characters; homology and analogy.

Unit 6: Angiospermic Families

12 Marks

Detail study of the following families: Magnoliaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Poaceae.

PRACTICAL (Credit: 01) 25 Marks

Taxonomic study of locally available angiospermic plants belonging to the following families (drawing, description, floral diagram, floral formula, identification and systematic position according to Bentham & Hooker's system of classification): Solanaceae, Acanthaceae, Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Musaceae, Orchidaceae.
Field visits to familiarise students with vegetation of an area and identification of plant species / Visit to Academic or Research Institutions.
Mounting of properly dried and pressed specimens of at least 10 (ten) wild plant species with herbarium labels (to be submitted with the record book).