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Course Code: ZLG0300104

Principles of Genetics

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Course Code: ZLG0300204

Entomology and Fisheries

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Principles Of Genetics

Course Code: ZLG0300104

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Week: 1 Elements Of Heredity and Variations
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Week: 2 Extension of Mendelism
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Week: 3 Various Ways to Determine Sex and Inheritance of Sexual Traits
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Week: 4 Different Types of Inheritance Patterns
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Week: 5 Gene Mutations
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Week: 6 Gene Mapping in Prokaryotes
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Week: 7 Gene Mapping on Eukaryotic Chromosomes
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Week: 8 Chromosomal alterations
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Week: 9 Human Genetics: Pedigree Analysis
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Week: 10 Human Genetics: Chromosome Analysis
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Week: 11 Human Genetics: Genetic Disorders
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Week: 12 Regulation Of Gene Activity in Eukaryotes
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Entomology And Fisheries

Course Code: ZLG0300204

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Unit: 1 General Features of Insects, General Morphology of insects, Insects as Vectors & Pest
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Unit: 2 Introduction to fish, Morphology and Physiology
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Unit: 3 Capture Fisheries, Culture fisheries, Fish in research
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PRINCIPLES OF GENETICS

Code: ZLG0300104
Theory Content
Week 1: Elements Of Heredity and Variations
  • Historical Background and Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance: Part 1
  • Historical Background and Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance: Part 2
  • Understanding Mendel’s Data: Methods & Applications (Probability, Product Rule, Sum Rule, Binomial Expansion and Factorial)
  • Understanding Mendel’s Data: Methods & Applications (Punnet Square, Forked Line Method, Statistical Test to Analyse Data)
  • Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance (Post Mendel’s laws, chromosome behaviour during meiosis, theory by Sutton and Boveri, Work of Morgan and team)
Week 2: Extension of Mendelism
  • Dominance Relationships, Multiple Allelism
  • Multiple Allelism, Conditional Alleles, Lethal Alleles
  • Pleiotropy, Phenocopy, Polygeny
  • Epistasis
  • Gene Interaction
Week 3: Various Ways to Determine Sex and Inheritance of Sexual Traits
  • Discovery of Sex Chromosomes: From History to Systems (XX/XY system in Drosophila and Human)
  • Discovery of Sex Chromosomes: From History to Systems (XX/XO, ZZ/ZW, haploidy/diploidy)
  • Environmental and Hormonal control of sex determination
  • Sex Influenced, Sex-Limited and Sex-Linked Traits
  • Dosage Compensation in Drosophila and Human
Week 4: Different Types of Inheritance Patterns
  • Quantitative Inheritance
  • Quantitative Inheritance (Cont.)
  • Extra nuclear inheritance
  • Infective Inheritance
  • Maternal Inheritance
Week 5: Gene Mutations
  • Spontaneous Mutations
  • Induced Mutations
  • Molecular basis of mutations
  • Detections of mutations, Ames test, ClB technique, Nutritional Mutations in Neurospora
  • DNA repair mechanisms
Week 6: Gene Mapping in Prokaryotes
  • Bacterial Growth and Conjugation
  • Conjugation And Sexduction: Gene Mapping in Bacteria
  • Transformation: Gene Mapping in Bacteria
  • Transduction and Gene Mapping in Bacteria
  • Gene mapping in Phages: Mapping the rII Locus – History, Concepts & Applications
Week 7: Gene Mapping on Eukaryotic Chromosomes
  • Linkage and crossing over: Concepts in Classical & Molecular Genetics
  • Recombination and Cytological Determination of Crossing over
  • Gene Mapping Using Two point and three Point Test Cross
  • Interference and Coincidence
  • Gene Mapping in yeast and Neurospora Using Tetrad Analysis Methods
Week 8: Chromosomal alterations
  • Anomalies in chromosome number: Aneuploidy
  • Anomalies in chromosome number: Polyploidy
  • Anomalies in chromosome structure: Deletions and duplications
  • Meiotic consequences in inversion heterozygotes
  • Meiotic consequences in inversion heterozygotes
Week 9: Human Genetics: Pedigree Analysis
  • Making A Pedigree Chart and showing dominant and recessive traits
  • Study Of Autosomal Traits in A Pedigree
  • Study Of Sex-Linked Traits in A Pedigree
  • Study Inheritance of Mitochondrial Traits in A Pedigree
  • Genetic Counselling
Week 10: Human Genetics: Chromosome Analysis
  • Human karyotyping
  • G-banding
  • Chromosome bandings other than G-banding
  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization
  • Nomenclature of G-ban
Week 11: Human Genetics: Genetic Disorders
  • Human genetic disorders: Gene mutations
  • Human genetic disorders: Chromosomal aneuploidy
  • Human genetic disorders: Chromosome translocations
  • An introduction to cancer
  • An introduction to cancer with special reference to Human papilloma virus papilloma virus
Week 12: Regulation Of Gene Activity in Eukaryotes
  • Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes: Transcription unit
  • Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes: Initiation, elongation and termination of transcription
  • Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes: Activators, enhancers and boundary elements
  • Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes: RNA processing
  • Regulation of gene activity in eukaryotes: RNA editing, epigenetic modifications
Practical
Principles of Genetics (Practical)
30 Hours
  • To study Mendelian laws and gene interactions and their verification by Chi-square analyses using seeds/beads/Drosophila.
  • Study of linkage maps based on data from Drosophila crosses.
  • Identification of various mutant types of Drosophila (through culture/photomicrograph)
  • Study of human karyotype (normal and abnormal) using photomicrograph.
  • Preparation of polytene chromosomes from Chironomus/Drosophila larvae.
  • Preparation of metaphase chromosome from fish/mammal.
Suggested Readings
  • Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P. (2008). Principles of Genetics. 8th Edition. Wiley India.
  • Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J. (2009). Principles of Genetics. 5th Edition. John Wiley and Sons Inc
  • Klug, W.S., Cummings, M.R., Spencer, C.A. (2020). Concepts of Genetics. 10th Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
  • Russell, P. J. (2009). Genetics- A Molecular Approach. 3rd Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
  • Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C. and Carroll, S.B. Introduction to Genetic Analysis. 9th Edition. W. H. Freeman and Co.
  • Tamarin R. H. (2017). Principles of Genetics. Tata McGraw Hill Edition.
  • Brown, T. A. (2023). Genomes 5. 5th edition, CRC Press

ENTOMOLOGY AND FISHERIES

Code: ZLG0300204
THEORY
Unit 1: Entomology
23 Hours
General Features of Insects: Classification of insects up to orders, causes of success of insects on earth, role of insects in pollination, Basic concept on collection, preservation and culture techniques of insects.
General Morphology of insects: Compound Eyes, antennae, Mouth parts and legs. Structure of integument. Molting and metamorphosis.
Insects as Vectors & Pest: Insects as mechanical and biological vectors of pathogens and parasites, Common insect vectors (Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Phlebotomus, Musca domestica), Insects as plant pests.
Unit 2: Fish Biology & Physiology
09 Hours
Introduction to fish: General description of a fish; Account of systematic classification of freshwater teleosts of NE India (up to Order).
Morphology and Physiology: Types of fins and their modifications; Locomotion in fishes; Types of Scales; Structure and functions of Gills, basic mechanism of gas exchange; Swim Bladder - types, role in Respiration and buoyancy; Osmoregulation in Elasmobranchs; Electric organs.
Unit 3: Fisheries & Aquaculture
13 Hours
Capture Fisheries: Inland Capture Fisheries resources of India; marine fisheries; Fishing crafts and Gears; Application of remote sensing and GIS in fisheries; Fisheries rules and regulations; Climate change and its impact on fisheries; Fishery by-products.
Culture fisheries: Extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture of fish; Pen and cage culture; Polyculture; Composite fish culture; Brood stock management; Induced breeding of Indian Major Carps; Management of hatcheries; Role of soil and water quality in aquaculture.
Fish in research: Transgenic fish, Zebrafish as a model organism in research.
PRACTICAL
Entomology and Fisheries (Practical)
30 Hours
  • Study of different types of mouth parts/ antenna of insects through slides/specimens.
  • Study of insect vectors through permanent slides or photographs or model: Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Pediculus, Cimex, Phlebotomus (sand fly), and Musca domestica (house fly).
  • Preparation of project report on any one vector and diseases transmitted by the vector (Aedes/Culex/Anopheles/ lice/ bed bug, sand fly/ house fly).
  • Identification of insects belonging to different orders, common insect pest of paddy, tea, stored grain, citrus and sugarcane.
  • Classification and characterization of commercially important food and ornamental fishes of NE India.
  • Study of different types of indigenous/locally available fishing gears.
  • Estimation and interpretation of pH of pond soil; dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and free carbon dioxide (fCO2) in pond water.
  • Dissection and display of Pituitary Gland of Indian Major Carp.
  • Demonstration of induced breeding of IMCs (video).
Suggested Readings
  • Pradhan, S. (1969). Insect Pests of Crops. National Book Trust, India Book House.
  • Atwal, A.S. (1993) Agricultural pest of India and South East Asia. Kalyani Pub., New Delhi.
  • Chapman, R. F. The Insects: Structure and Function. Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • S. Hill. (2005) Agricultural Insect pests of the tropics and their management, Cambridge University press.
  • Pedigo L. P. (2002). Entomology and Pest Management, Prentice Hall Publication.
  • Tembhare, D.B. Modern Entomology.
  • David, B.V. and Ananthakrishnan (2004). General and Applied Entomology.
  • Bone, Q. & Moore, R. H. (2008). Biology of Fishes. 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis.
  • Evans, D. H., Claiborne, J. B. & Curie, S. (2014). The Physiology of Fishes. 4th edition, CRC Press.
  • Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture (2013). Published by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
  • Khanna, S. S. & Singh, H. R. (2014). Textbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries. 3rd edition, Narendra Publishing House.
  • Jayaram, K. C. (2010). The Freshwater Fishes of the Indian Region. 2nd edition, Narendra Publishing House.
  • Vishwanath, W. (2021). Freshwater Fishes of the Eastern Himalayas. 1st edition, Elsevier.