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Chemistry I
Course Code:
CHE4100104MJ/CHE4100104MN
Click on the topics below to view the questions and answers for this paper:
Unit: 1
Atomic structure
View Notes
➔
Unit: 2
Periodicity and chemical behaviour
View Notes
➔
Unit: 3
Chemical Bonding (Ionic Bonding)
View Notes
➔
Unit: 4
Structure of organic molecules
View Notes
➔
Unit: 5
Stereochemistry of organic molecules
View Notes
➔
Unit: 6
Basic Organic Chemistry
View Notes
➔
Unit: 7
Gaseous state
View Notes
➔
Unit: 8
Liquid state
View Notes
➔
Previous Year Question Papers
Download past question papers to test your preparation
Chemistry I
Course Code:
CHE4100104MJ/CHE4100104MN
Click on the topics below to view the questions and answers for this paper:
Unit: 1
Atomic structure
View Notes
➔
Unit: 2
Periodicity and chemical behaviour
View Notes
➔
Unit: 3
Chemical Bonding (Ionic Bonding)
View Notes
➔
Unit: 4
Structure of organic molecules
View Notes
➔
Unit: 5
Stereochemistry of organic molecules
View Notes
➔
Unit: 6
Basic Organic Chemistry
View Notes
➔
Unit: 7
Gaseous state
View Notes
➔
Unit: 8
Liquid state
View Notes
➔
Previous Year Question Papers
Download past question papers to test your preparation
Chemistry I
Course Code: CHE4100104MJ/CHE4100104MN
Semester: I
Theory Content
Unit I: Atomic Structure
8 Hours
Historical development on structure of atom; Bohr’s model, H-atom spectrum; black body radiation; photoelectric effect (qualitative treatment only); the dual behaviour and uncertainty. Quantum mechanical approach to atomic structure: concept of wave function, well-behaved function, operator, normalised and orthogonal wave function, Schrödinger wave equation, eigenfunction, significance of Ψ and Ψ2, particle in a 1-D box; Schrödinger equation of hydrogen atom (no derivation), radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom, probability distribution, quantum numbers, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle and its limitations.
Unit II: Periodicity and Chemical Behaviour
3 Hours
Effective nuclear charge; Slater’s Rule; covalent and ionic radii, ionisation energies, electronegativity (various scales), electron affinities.
Unit III: Chemical Bonding I (Ionic Interaction)
4 Hours
General characteristics of ionic compounds; lattice and solvation energy; Born–Landé equation; Kapustinskii equation, Madelung constant, Born–Haber cycle for lattice energy calculation.
Unit IV: Structure of Organic Molecules
4 Hours
Nature of bonding: hybridisation of atomic orbitals (qualitative VB and MO approach); effect of hybridisation on bond properties.
Unit V: Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules
8 Hours
Representation of organic molecules in 2D and 3D (Fischer, Newman and Sawhorse projection formulae and their interconversions); geometrical isomerism (cis-trans, syn-anti, E/Z notations); concept of chirality (enantiomers and diastereomers); configuration and conformation, barriers to rotation, conformational analysis (ethane, butane, cyclohexane).
Unit VI: Electronic Effects in Organic Molecules
3 Hours
Concept of electrophiles and nucleophiles; inductive effects; resonance, conjugation and delocalisation.
Unit VII: Gaseous State
8 Hours
Causes of deviation from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor Z, and its variation with pressure and temperature for different gases. State variables and equation of states for real gases; van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour. Reasons and examples of failure of van der Waals equation of state and interpretation of van der Waals pressure–volume isotherm. Critical state and phenomena, mathematical definition and interpretation of critical point, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants. Introduction to virial equation and virial coefficients, derivation of Boyle temperature.
Unit VIII: Liquid State
7 Hours
Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state. Physical properties of liquids: vapour pressure, surface tension, coefficient of viscosity, and their determination. Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases. Effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Explanation of cleansing action of detergents (micelle formation and critical micelle concentration).
Laboratory (30 Hours)
Introduction
Introduction to laboratory apparatus and safety measures; calibration of apparatus (volumetric flask, thermometer, melting point apparatus etc.).
Group A
- Preparation of normal and molar solutions (e.g. KCl, Na2C2O4, HCl, H2SO4) and verification by conductometric measurement.
- Determination of solubility of a given salt at different temperatures and plotting the solubility curve.
- Determination of water of crystallisation of a hydrated salt by ignition and weighing.
Group B
- Determination of the melting points of organic compounds (including thermometer calibration).
- Effect of impurities on the melting point – mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds.
- Purification of organic compounds by crystallisation using water, alcohol, and alcohol–water mixtures.
Group C
- Evaluating the compressibility factor using standard packages such as Excel/Origin/Python.
- Simulating an ideal gas using programming.
- Simulation of a real gas using programming.
- Determination of the partial molar volume of an ethanol–water mixture at a given composition.
- Determination of surface tension of a given liquid by stalagmometer (drop number and drop weight methods).
- Composition of a given mixture by surface tension method.
- Study of variation of surface tension of detergent solutions with concentration.
Course Requirement: Students are required to perform Exp. 1, 2 and a minimum of two experiments from each group.
Recommended Books / Resources
- P. Siska, O. K. Medhi, University Chemistry, 2nd ed., Pearson Education.
- R. P. Sarkar, General and Inorganic Chemistry (Part 1), 3rd ed., NCBA.
- J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Pearson Education.
- Atkins, P.; Jones, L.; Laverman, Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 7th ed., W. H. Freeman: New York, 2016.
- Weller, M.; Overton, T.; Rourke, J.; Armstrong, F. Inorganic Chemistry, 7th ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K., 2018.
- J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, O. K. Medhi, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 5th ed., Pearson Education.
- Puri, Sharma, Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, 48th ed., Vishal Publishing.
- Atkins, de Paula and Keeler, Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 11th ed., Oxford University Press.
- D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 4th ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd.
- S. M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., Trinity Press
- P. S. Kalsi, Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms, 5th ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd.
- T. W. G. Solomons, C. B. Fryhle, S. A. Snyder, Solomons’ Organic Chemistry, Wiley
Chemistry I
Course Code: CHE4100104MJ/CHE4100104MN
Semester: I
Theory Content
Unit I: Atomic Structure
8 Hours
Historical development on structure of atom; Bohr’s model, H-atom spectrum; black body radiation; photoelectric effect (qualitative treatment only); the dual behaviour and uncertainty. Quantum mechanical approach to atomic structure: concept of wave function, well-behaved function, operator, normalised and orthogonal wave function, Schrödinger wave equation, eigenfunction, significance of Ψ and Ψ2, particle in a 1-D box; Schrödinger equation of hydrogen atom (no derivation), radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom, probability distribution, quantum numbers, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle and its limitations.
Unit II: Periodicity and Chemical Behaviour
3 Hours
Effective nuclear charge; Slater’s Rule; covalent and ionic radii, ionisation energies, electronegativity (various scales), electron affinities.
Unit III: Chemical Bonding I (Ionic Interaction)
4 Hours
General characteristics of ionic compounds; lattice and solvation energy; Born–Landé equation; Kapustinskii equation, Madelung constant, Born–Haber cycle for lattice energy calculation.
Unit IV: Structure of Organic Molecules
4 Hours
Nature of bonding: hybridisation of atomic orbitals (qualitative VB and MO approach); effect of hybridisation on bond properties.
Unit V: Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules
8 Hours
Representation of organic molecules in 2D and 3D (Fischer, Newman and Sawhorse projection formulae and their interconversions); geometrical isomerism (cis-trans, syn-anti, E/Z notations); concept of chirality (enantiomers and diastereomers); configuration and conformation, barriers to rotation, conformational analysis (ethane, butane, cyclohexane).
Unit VI: Electronic Effects in Organic Molecules
3 Hours
Concept of electrophiles and nucleophiles; inductive effects; resonance, conjugation and delocalisation.
Unit VII: Gaseous State
8 Hours
Causes of deviation from ideal gas behaviour, compressibility factor Z, and its variation with pressure and temperature for different gases. State variables and equation of states for real gases; van der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour. Reasons and examples of failure of van der Waals equation of state and interpretation of van der Waals pressure–volume isotherm. Critical state and phenomena, mathematical definition and interpretation of critical point, relation between critical constants and van der Waals constants. Introduction to virial equation and virial coefficients, derivation of Boyle temperature.
Unit VIII: Liquid State
7 Hours
Qualitative treatment of the structure of the liquid state. Physical properties of liquids: vapour pressure, surface tension, coefficient of viscosity, and their determination. Temperature variation of viscosity of liquids and comparison with that of gases. Effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension and viscosity. Explanation of cleansing action of detergents (micelle formation and critical micelle concentration).
Laboratory (30 Hours)
Introduction
Introduction to laboratory apparatus and safety measures; calibration of apparatus (volumetric flask, thermometer, melting point apparatus etc.).
Group A
- Preparation of normal and molar solutions (e.g. KCl, Na2C2O4, HCl, H2SO4) and verification by conductometric measurement.
- Determination of solubility of a given salt at different temperatures and plotting the solubility curve.
- Determination of water of crystallisation of a hydrated salt by ignition and weighing.
Group B
- Determination of the melting points of organic compounds (including thermometer calibration).
- Effect of impurities on the melting point – mixed melting point of two unknown organic compounds.
- Purification of organic compounds by crystallisation using water, alcohol, and alcohol–water mixtures.
Group C
- Evaluating the compressibility factor using standard packages such as Excel/Origin/Python.
- Simulating an ideal gas using programming.
- Simulation of a real gas using programming.
- Determination of the partial molar volume of an ethanol–water mixture at a given composition.
- Determination of surface tension of a given liquid by stalagmometer (drop number and drop weight methods).
- Composition of a given mixture by surface tension method.
- Study of variation of surface tension of detergent solutions with concentration.
Course Requirement: Students are required to perform Exp. 1, 2 and a minimum of two experiments from each group.
Recommended Books / Resources
- P. Siska, O. K. Medhi, University Chemistry, 2nd ed., Pearson Education.
- R. P. Sarkar, General and Inorganic Chemistry (Part 1), 3rd ed., NCBA.
- J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Pearson Education.
- Atkins, P.; Jones, L.; Laverman, Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight, 7th ed., W. H. Freeman: New York, 2016.
- Weller, M.; Overton, T.; Rourke, J.; Armstrong, F. Inorganic Chemistry, 7th ed., Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K., 2018.
- J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, O. K. Medhi, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 5th ed., Pearson Education.
- Puri, Sharma, Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry, 48th ed., Vishal Publishing.
- Atkins, de Paula and Keeler, Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 11th ed., Oxford University Press.
- D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 4th ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd.
- S. M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., Trinity Press
- P. S. Kalsi, Organic Reactions and their Mechanisms, 5th ed., New Age International Pvt Ltd.
- T. W. G. Solomons, C. B. Fryhle, S. A. Snyder, Solomons’ Organic Chemistry, Wiley